WhichPeps

Glutathione

Endogenous tripeptide antioxidant

Redox biologydeficiency states
Generic peptide vial illustrationGlutathione
Evidence levelHuman evidence
Human evidenceClinical evidence
Regulatory statusProduct/jurisdiction-specific

What you need to know in 20 seconds

What is it?Endogenous tripeptide antioxidant
Research focusRedox biology, deficiency states, antioxidant research
Human evidenceHuman studies are route- and outcome-specific. Oral trials include both increased measured glutathione stores and null oxidative-stress findings; a small randomized IV Parkinson trial did not show a significant efficacy difference versus placebo.
Regulatory statusGlutathione itself is endogenous; therapeutic approval and compounding status are product/jurisdiction specific.
Main limitationsBroad detox, anti-ageing or wellness benefit from unspecified injectable glutathione.
SafetySafety is route/indication specific; compounded injectable use should not be inferred from oral or endogenous biology.
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Human studies are route- and outcome-specific. Oral trials include both increased measured glutathione stores and null oxidative-stress findings; a small randomized IV Parkinson trial did not show a significant efficacy difference versus placebo.

What the evidence actually supports

  • ✓Positive biomarker record must not be inflated into a general clinical-benefit claim.
  • ✓Surface this alongside positive biomarker studies to avoid cherry-picking.
  • ✓Useful negative IV evidence.

What is not established / key limitations

  • ×This does not prove broad detoxification, anti-ageing or disease-prevention outcomes.
  • ×Primary biomarker findings were negative.
  • ×Preliminary efficacy endpoint was negative.

Selected study & evidence records

Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers

2011 · Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial · n=40

No significant between-group changes in measured oxidative-stress biomarkers or glutathione indices.

Study detail → Primary source ↗

Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione

2015 · Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · n=54

Glutathione stores increased in several compartments, generally in a dose- and time-dependent pattern.

Study detail → Primary source ↗

Randomized, double-blind, pilot evaluation of intravenous glutathione in Parkinson's disease

2009 · Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial · n=21

No statistically significant difference in UPDRS change versus placebo.

Study detail → Primary source ↗

Safety and unknowns

Safety is route/indication specific; compounded injectable use should not be inferred from oral or endogenous biology.

Safety is route/indication specific; compounded injectable use should not be inferred from oral or endogenous biology.

Technical details

Mechanism / biologyMajor intracellular redox buffer and cofactor involved in oxidative-stress defence.
Route / formulation boundaryDo not generalize oral/topical/inhaled findings to injections.
Identity / data-quality noteUse the canonical compound identity and studied formulation when interpreting evidence.
Dosing evidence statusVerified dosing evidence added. Published oral human trial regimen; Published longer-term oral trial regimens. See dosing_evidence records for route, regimen, population, duration and source.
Identifiers & alternate namesGSH

Evidence rule: WhichPeps keeps human, animal, laboratory, regulatory and product/formulation evidence distinct. Common names help people find the page; they do not change the underlying scientific identity.